Ultrasound

Ultrasonic technology is used to improve the appearance of skin by providing deep cleansing, exfoliation, and improved moisturization. One theory is that ultrasonic devices achieve this through what are called micro vibrations. These micro vibrations act as a micro-massage for the skin, which is said to promote detoxification and lymph drainage. With increased removal of waste in the skin, it is easier for topically applied products to penetrate and be absorbed by the skin. These deep tissue micro-massages may also improve skin tone, softness, and texture⁶.

Another predominant theory is that ultrasound waves help to improve skin’s appearance through a thermal effect. This thermal effect works by delivering heat into the deep skin tissue, which leads to improved blood circulation, increased metabolic activities, and accelerating cell regeneration. Stimulating the skin’s repair process may lead the skin to produce more structural proteins, like collagen, ultimately resulting in improved appearance⁶.

Cleansing Brushes

It is not uncommon for individuals to wash their face only to find more grime is still being removed when they look at their cotton ball during toning. These cleansing devices were developed to minimize, if not eliminate, this phenomenon. Ranging widely in price, these devices spin, rotate, vibrate, etc., claiming to cleanse the skin better than using hands alone.

The added benefits also include some physical exfoliation of the skin by the brush. This can help smooth the skin texture and increase skin radiance. Some are sold as part of anti-acne system, including topical products with anti-acne OTC ingredients, to help reduce acne lesions.

LEDs

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are used in beauty devices providing different colors and benefits. For example, red or near infrared (600-950nm) is used for photobiomodulation to reduce the appearance of aging. The cellular respiratory chain found in the inner mitochondrial membrane contains chromophores for absorption. It is thought that cytochrome C oxidase is the primary photo acceptor for red light in human cells and increasing its oxidation results in an increase in electron transfer^1,2.

Thus, red light is used for improving photoaged skin based on this theory. If red light improves the energy production of mitochondria that are responsible for cellular growth, stimulating the mitochondria of “old” skin cells can lead them to behave more like youthful, energetic skin cells.

Another example is blue LED used to treat acne. It has long been understood that acne is caused by the bacteria p.acnes which contain porphyrins. These porphyrins are excited by blue light resulting in production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that ultimately kill p.acnes³. The reduction in bacteria improves or reduces acne prevalence.

While the use of blue and red LEDs can bring about improvements in skin appearance professionally, these technologies are also used in at-home beauty devices. The one down side to the home use devices is lower intensity. These can still be effective, but they take more time and patience. As such, compliance becomes an obstacle.